Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has escalated rapidly to a global …

Ventilation systems are the primary way of eliminating airborne pathogenic particles in an
operating room (OR). However, such systems can be complex due to factors such as …

The ventilation system in an operating room (OR) plays a vital role in reducing the risk of
patients contracting an infection while undergoing a surgical procedure. The clean air …

Abstract Background Operating rooms (ORs) are usually over-pressurized in order to
prevent the penetration of contaminated air and the consequent risk of surgical site infection …

The main role of Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in Operating Rooms
(ORs) is to ensure the desired thermo-hygrometric conditions and indoor air quality …

Background In spine surgery, surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the main perioperative
complications and is associated with a higher patient morbidity and longer patient …

Airborne particles released from surgical team members are major sources of surgical site
infections. To reduce the risk of such infections, ultraclean-zoned ventilation systems have …

Abstract In Operating Rooms (OR), the transport of Colony-Forming Units (CFU) can
generate surgical site infections in patients and, as a consequence, CFU must be properly …

Background Generation of smoke is inevitable during surgical procedures. Some volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) in surgical smoke are known to be strong carcinogens. We used …

Background: Oral habits and caries if left untreated may result in crowding and arch length
discrepancy in develo** dentition. Therefore, appliances are used to maintain the arch …