Cachexia, a systemic wasting condition, is considered a late consequence of diseases,
including cancer, organ failure, or infections, and contributes to significant morbidity and …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Aging causes skeletal muscle atrophy, and myofiber loss can be a critical component of this
process. In 1989, Rosenberg emphasized the importance of the loss of skeletal muscle …

Skeletal muscle abnormalities are responsible for significant disability in the elderly.
Sarcopenia is the main alteration occurring during senescence and a key public health …

Muscle atrophy and sarcopenia (the term given to the age-related decline in muscle mass
and function), influence an individuals risk of falls, frailty, functional decline, and, ultimately …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) shares many phenotypic similarities with other chronic
diseases, including heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV infection and …

Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of cancer cachexia in both patients and preclinical
models. Cachexia is prevalent in roughly 80% of cancer patients and accounts for up to 20 …

Skeletal muscles comprise the largest organ system in the body and play an essential role in
body movement, breathing, and glucose homeostasis. Skeletal muscle is also an important …

Cancer patients often experience weight loss caused by protein calorie malnutrition (PCM)
during the course of the disease or treatment. PCM is expressed as severe if the patient has …

Ang II, the primary effector pleiotropic hormone of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS)
cascade, mediates physiological control of blood pressure and electrolyte balance through …