The updated 2016 edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours
of the Central Nervous System (CNS) uses molecular parameters and the histology to define …

The most common childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumor is pediatric low-grade
glioma (pLGG), representing 30%–40% of all CNS tumors in children. Although there is high …

Background. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is important for
growth of pediatric low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The aim of this study was to determine the …

Low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (LGNTs) are diverse CNS tumors presenting in children
and young adults, often with a history of epilepsy. While the genetic profiles of common …

Background The novel entity of “diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant” has been defined
in the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the …

Over 70% of diffuse intrinsic pediatric gliomas, an aggressive brainstem tumor, harbor
heterozygous mutations that create a K27M amino acid substitution (methionine replaces …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, FGF4, FGF7 and FGF20 are representative
paracrine FGFs binding to heparan-sulfate proteoglycan and fibroblast growth factor …

Background Astrocytoma of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type gene is described
as a provisional entity within the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Some …

Introduction A hallmark of pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) is aberrant signaling of the
mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Hence, inhibition of MAPK signaling …

Despite the fact that they are not typically life-threatening, low-grade gliomas (LGGs) remain
a significant clinical challenge in pediatric neuro-oncology due to comorbidities associated …