BACKGROUND Much of ecological theory and the understanding of ecological systems has
been based on the idea that the observed states and dynamics of ecological systems can be …

Most small rodent populations in the world have fascinating population dynamics. In the
northern hemisphere, voles and lemmings tend to show population cycles with regular …

At the close of the Fourth International Polar Year, we take stock of the ecological
consequences of recent climate change in the Arctic, focusing on effects at population …

Every year, many wild animals undertake long-distance migration to breed in the north,
taking advantage of seasonally high pulses in food supply, fewer parasites, and lower …

This paper discusses the recent progress in understanding the properties of transient
dynamics in complex ecological systems. Predicting long-term trends as well as sudden …

Biotic interactions present a challenge in determining whether species distributions will track
climate change. Interactions with competitors, consumers, mutualists, and facilitators can …

One predicted consequence of global warming is an increased frequency of extreme
weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, or heavy rainfalls. In parts of the Arctic …

The current rate of warming due to increases in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is very
likely unprecedented over the last 10,000 y. Although the majority of countries have adopted …

The population cycles of rodents at northern latitudes have puzzled people for centuries,,
and their impact is manifest throughout the alpine ecosystem,. Climate change is known to …

Suggestions of collapse in small herbivore cycles since the 1980s have raised concerns
about the loss of essential ecosystem functions. Whether such phenomena are general and …