Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent
conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often …

Modern subunit vaccines based on homogeneous antigens offer more precise targeting and
improved safety compared with traditional whole-pathogen vaccines. However, they are also …

Cancer immunotherapy has become a new generation of anti-tumor treatment, but its
indications still focus on several types of tumors that are sensitive to the immune system …

Saponin adjuvants have been extensively studied for their use in veterinary and human
vaccines. Among them, QS-21 stands out owing to its unique profile of immunostimulating …

Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae), popularly known as “gurmar” for its distinct property
as sugar destroyer, is a reputed herb in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The …

Saponins are natural glycosides of steroid or triterpene which exhibited many different
biological and pharmacological activities. Notably, saponins can also activate the …

Covering: 31st December 2004Natural product and natural product-derived compounds that
are being evaluated in clinical trials or in registration (current 31 December 2004) have …

Peptide-based subunit vaccines are of great interest in modern immunotherapy as they are
safe, easy to produce and well defined. However, peptide antigens produce a relatively …

Covering: 1995 to 2006 This review will detail progress made in the previous decade on the
chemistry and bioactivity of birch bark extractive products. Current and future applications of …

Inactivated vaccines require adjuvants to stimulate an immune response. The choice of
adjuvant or immune enhancer determines whether the immune response is effective …