The input power-induced transformation of the transverse intensity profile at the output of
graded-index multimode optical fibers from speckles into a bell-shaped beam sitting on a …

Since its first demonstration in graded-index multimode fibers, spatial beam self-cleaning
has attracted a growing research interest. It allows for the propagation of beams with a bell …

We consider the problem of conditioning a Markov process on a rare event and of
representing this conditioned process by a conditioning-free process, called the effective or …

Deriving the laws of thermodynamics from a microscopic picture is a central quest of
statistical mechanics. This tutorial focuses on the derivation of the first and second law for …

Rectangular association matrices with binary (0/1) entries are a common data structure in
many research fields. Examples include ecology, economics, mathematics, physics …

We discuss the Giardinà-Kurchan-Peliti population dynamics method for evaluating large
deviations of time-averaged quantities in Markov processes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 120603 …

Large dynamical fluctuations—atypical realizations of the dynamics sustained over long
periods of time—can play a fundamental role in determining the properties of collective …

We have shown recently that a Markov process conditioned on rare events involving time-
integrated random variables can be described in the long-time limit by an effective Markov …

We present a systematic analysis of stochastic processes conditioned on an empirical
observable Q_T QT defined in a time interval 0, T, for large T. We build our analysis starting …

It is generally believed that, in the thermodynamic limit, the microcanonical description as a
function of energy coincides with the canonical description as a function of temperature …