Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubl's) are conjugated to target proteins or lipids to regulate their
activity, stability, subcellular localization, or macromolecular interactions. Similar to ubiquitin …

Autophagy is a primarily degradative pathway that takes place in all eukaryotic cells. It is
used for recycling cytoplasm to generate macromolecular building blocks and energy under …

INTRODUCTION Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved
lysosomal degradation pathway. It ensures cellular homeostasis and health by removing …

In all organisms, innate immune pathways sense infection and rapidly activate potent
immune responses while avoiding inappropriate activation (autoimmunity). In humans, the …

Autophagy is a conserved intracellular pathway that delivers cytoplasmic contents to
lysosomes for degradation via double-membrane autophagosomes. Autophagy substrates …

ATG8 family proteins are evolutionary conserved ubiquitin-like modifiers, which become
attached to the headgroup of the membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine in a process …

The formation of the autophagosome, a landmark event in autophagy, is accomplished by
the concerted actions of Atg proteins. The initial step of starvation-induced autophagy in …

Autophagy refers to a group of processes that involve degradation of cytoplasmic
components including cytosol, macromolecular complexes, and organelles, within the …

Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved dynamic pathway that functions primarily in
a degradative manner. A basal level of macroautophagy occurs constitutively, but this …

Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a crucial cellular stress response for degrading defective
macromolecules and organelles, as well as providing bioenergetic intermediates during …