Tundra vegetation productivity and composition are responding rapidly to climatic changes
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review …

Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential
ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and …

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation
determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It …

Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water
transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this …

Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and
dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine …

Abstract Changes in Arctic vegetation can have important implications for trophic
interactions and ecosystem functioning leading to climate feedbacks. Plot-based vegetation …

The Earth's climate is determined by a number of complex connected physical, chemical and
biological processes occurring in the atmosphere, land and ocean. The radiative properties …

Soils in Arctic and boreal ecosystems store twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, a
portion of which may be released as high-latitude soils warm. Some of the uncertainty in the …

One expected response to climate warming in the Arctic is an increase in the abundance
and extent of shrubs in tundra areas. Repeat photography shows that there has been an …