Abstract Calcium ions (Ca 2+) are prominent intracellular messengers in all eukaryotic cells.
Recent studies have emphasized the crucial roles of Ca 2+ in plant immunity. Here, we …

The chloroplast has recently emerged as pivotal to co‐ordinating plant defence responses
and as a target of plant pathogens. Beyond its central position in oxygenic photosynthesis …

Chloroplasts are key players in plant immune signaling, contributing to not only de novo
synthesis of defensive phytohormones but also the generation of reactive oxygen and …

Chloroplasts play a central role in plant immunity through the synthesis of secondary
metabolites and defense compounds, as well as phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid and …

The plant cytoskeleton, consisting of actin filaments and microtubules, is a highly dynamic
filamentous framework involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses …

Chloroplast morphology changes during immunity, giving rise to tubule-like structures
known as stromules. Stromules extend along microtubules and anchor to actin filaments …

In Nicotiana benthamiana, the expression of the Xanthomonas effector XANTHOMONAS
OUTER PROTEIN Q (XopQ) triggers RECOGNITION OF XOPQ1 (ROQ1)-dependent effector …

An understanding of the cell biology underlying the burgeoning molecular genetic and
genomic knowledge of oomycete pathogenicity is essential to gain the full context of how …

Plant peroxisomes are highly dynamic organelles with regard to metabolic pathways,
number and morphology and participate in different metabolic processes and cell responses …

SsITL, a secretory protein of the necrotrophic phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, was
previously reported to suppress host immunity at the early stages of infection. However, the …