Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions

S Bölte, J Neufeld, PB Marschik, ZJ Williams… - Nature Reviews …, 2023 - nature.com
Health-related conditions often differ qualitatively or quantitatively between individuals of
different birth-assigned sexes and gender identities, and/or with different gendered …

Age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 2012 to 2019

M Van'T Hof, C Tisseur, I van Berckelear-Onnes… - …, 2021 - journals.sagepub.com
Between 1990 and 2012, the global mean age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
ranged from 38 to 120 months. Measures have since been introduced to reduce the age at …

[HTML][HTML] Tackling healthcare access barriers for individuals with autism from diagnosis to adulthood

N Malik-Soni, A Shaker, H Luck, AE Mullin… - Pediatric …, 2022 - nature.com
Most individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—a complex, life-long developmental
disorder—do not have access to the care required to address their diverse health needs …

The female autism phenotype and camouflaging: A narrative review

L Hull, KV Petrides, W Mandy - Review Journal of Autism and …, 2020 - Springer
Autism is more commonly diagnosed in males than females. One explanation is the 'female
protective effect': there is something inherent in being female which reduces the likelihood of …

[HTML][HTML] Barriers to autism spectrum disorder diagnosis for young women and girls: A systematic review

G Lockwood Estrin, V Milner, D Spain, F Happé… - Review journal of autism …, 2021 - Springer
There is increased recognition that women and girls with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
are underserved by the clinical criteria and processes required to receive a diagnosis. This …

Autistic peer-to-peer information transfer is highly effective

CJ Crompton, D Ropar, CVM Evans-Williams… - …, 2020 - journals.sagepub.com
Effective information transfer requires social communication skills. As autism is clinically
defined by social communication deficits, it may be expected that information transfer …

What is the male-to-female ratio in autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis

R Loomes, L Hull, WPL Mandy - Journal of the American Academy of Child …, 2017 - Elsevier
Objective To derive the first systematically calculated estimate of the relative proportion of
boys and girls with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through a meta-analysis of prevalence …

'I was exhausted trying to figure it out': The experiences of females receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood

A Leedham, AR Thompson, R Smith, M Freeth - Autism, 2020 - journals.sagepub.com
Females often receive autism spectrum condition diagnoses later than males, leaving needs
misunderstood. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of female adults …

Exclusion of females in autism research: Empirical evidence for a “leaky” recruitment‐to‐research pipeline

AM D'Mello, IR Frosch, CE Li, AL Cardinaux… - Autism …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges in social communication and
the presence of repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. Notably, males are four times as …

Development and validation of the camouflaging autistic traits questionnaire (CAT-Q)

L Hull, W Mandy, MC Lai, S Baron-Cohen… - Journal of autism and …, 2019 - Springer
There currently exist no self-report measures of social camouflaging behaviours (strategies
used to compensate for or mask autistic characteristics during social interactions). The …