The use of exosomes in clinical settings is progressively becoming a reality, as clinical trials
testing exosomes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications are generating remarkable …

Cellular membranes can form two principally different involutions, which either exclude or
contain cytosol. The 'classical'budding reactions, such as those occurring during …

Cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) allows visualization of cellular structures in situ.
However, anisotropic resolution arising from the intrinsic “missing-wedge” problem has …

Nanovesicles and bio-vesicles (BVs) have emerged as promising tools to achieve targeted
cancer therapy due to their ability to overcome many of the key challenges currently being …

For nearly 50 years the proximal tubule (PT) has been known to reabsorb, process, and
either catabolize or transcytose albumin from the glomerular filtrate. Innovative techniques …

In today's modern era of medicine, macromolecular compounds such as proteins, peptides
and nucleic acids are dethroning small molecules as leading therapeutics. Given their …

Curved membranes are key features of intracellular organelles, and their generation
involves dynamic protein complexes. Here we describe the fundamental mechanisms such …

Plant cell walls are dynamic structures that are synthesized by plants to provide durable
coverings for the delicate cells they encase. They are made of polysaccharides, proteins …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating, chronic neurodegenerative disease. Genetic
studies involving genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analysis have …

Humans are exposed to nanoscopical nanobiovectors (eg coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) as
well as abiotic metal/carbon-based nanomaterials that enter cells serendipitously or …