The regulation of gene expression is fundamental for life. Whereas the role of transcriptional
regulation of gene expression has been studied for several decades, it has been clear over …

Repetitive elements in the human genome, once considered 'junk DNA', are now known to
adopt more than a dozen alternative (that is, non-B) DNA structures, such as self-annealed …

Repetitive DNA sequences playing critical roles in driving evolution, inducing variation, and
regulating gene expression. In this review, we summarized the definition, arrangement, and …

Although transcription is an essential cellular process, it is paradoxically also a well-
recognized cause of genomic instability. R-loops, non-B DNA structures formed when …

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed single-stranded RNAs without a 5′ cap
structure and a 3′ poly (A) tail typically present in linear mRNAs of eukaryotic cells …

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are a class of repetitive elements, composed of tandem arrays
of 1–6 base pair sequence motifs, that comprise a substantial fraction of the human genome …

Understanding the consequences of genotype for phenotype (which ranges from molecule-
level effects to whole-organism traits) is at the core of genetic diagnostics in medicine. Many …

Microsatellite repeat expansions within genes contribute to a number of neurological
diseases,. The accumulation of toxic proteins and RNA molecules with repetitive sequences …

Cancer-associated chromosomal rearrangements can result in the expression of numerous
pathogenic fusion proteins. The mechanisms by which fusion proteins contribute to …

The proper transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is essential for cell-
fate control, development, and health. Methylation of DNA, RNAs, histones, and non-histone …