Immune defense and reproduction are physiologically and energetically demanding
processes and have been observed to trade off in a diversity of female insects. Increased …

Theory suggests that male fitness generally increases steadily with mating rate, while one or
a few matings are sufficient for females to maximize their reproductive success. Contrary to …

Employing the clear, student-friendly style that made previous editions so popular, Insect
Physiology and Biochemistry, Fourth Edition presents an engaging and authoritative guide …

Recent interest has focused on immune response in an evolutionary context, with particular
attention to disease resistance as a life-history trait, subject to trade-offs against other traits …

▪ Abstract Evolutionary ecology seeks to understand the selective reasons for the design
features of the immune defense, especially with respect to parasitism. The molecular …

The evolutionary–ecology approach to studying immune defences has generated a number
of hypotheses that help to explain the observed variance in responses. Here, selected topics …

Mounting an immune response is an energy-consuming process. Activating immune
functions requires the synthesis of many new molecules and the undertaking of numerous …

Immune function is likely to be a critical determinant of an organism's fitness, yet most
natural animal and plant populations exhibit tremendous genetic variation for immune traits …

We review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of insect immune
defence, but do so in a framework defined by the ecological and evolutionary forces that …

Summary Background Studies in Drosophila have taught us a great deal about how animals
regulate the immediate innate immune response, but we still know little about how infections …