Drug resistance is estimated to affect about a third of individuals with epilepsy, but its
prevalence differs in relation to the epilepsy syndrome, the cause of epilepsy, and other …

Epilepsy is one of most common chronic neurological disorders, and the antiseizure
medications developed by targeting neurocentric mechanisms have not effectively reduced …

Objective Summarize the current evidence on efficacy and tolerability of vagus nerve
stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS) …

Capsaicin is a natural compound found in chili peppers and is used in the diet of many
countries. The important mechanism of action of capsaicin is its influence on TRPV1 …

Objectives Different neurostimulation modalities are available to treat drug-resistant focal
epilepsy when surgery is not an option including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive …

Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological conditions with an estimated prevalence of
more than 50 million people worldwide and an annual incidence of two million. Although …

Despite progress in the development of anti‐seizure medications (ASMs), one third of
people with epilepsy have drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). The working definition of DRE …

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are widely distributed in the central nervous
system (CNS) and play critical roles in neuronal excitability in the CNS. Both clinical and …

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder in modern society. One of the major
unmet challenges is that current antiseizure medications are basically not disease …

Background Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) is a novel technology for drug-resistant
epilepsy rising from bilateral hemispheres or eloquent cortex. Although recently approved …