A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

In 1913 Debye devised a relaxation model for application to the dielectric properties of water
and alcohols. These hydrogen-bonded liquids continue to be studied extensively because …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Capturing the evolving geometric and electronic structure in the course of a chemical
reaction or biological process is the principal aim of time-resolved X-ray spectroscopies …

We present a liquid flatjet system for solution phase soft-x-ray spectroscopy. The flatjet set-
up utilises the phenomenon of formation of stable liquid sheets upon collision of two …

Transition metals in inorganic systems and metalloproteins can occur in different oxidation
states, which makes them ideal redox-active catalysts. To gain a mechanistic understanding …

X-ray free-electron lasers overcome the problem of radiation damage in protein
crystallography and allow structure determination from micro-and nanocrystals at room …

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy can be used to probe
the energy and dispersion of the elementary low-energy excitations that govern functionality …

The valence-excited states of ferric and ferrous hexacyanide ions in aqueous solution were
mapped by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the Fe L2, 3 and NK edges. Probing …

The increasingly narrow and brilliant beams at X-ray facilities reduce the requirements for
both sample volume and data acquisition time. This creates new possibilities for the types …