Background Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established, widely accepted method in
both clinical and experimental parts of medical science. It allows receiving valuable …

The TGF-β signaling pathway plays a crucial role in several key aspects of development and
tissue homeostasis. TGF-β ligands and their mediators have been shown to be important …

The Mpox virus (MPXV) is the causative agent of human Mpox disease–a debilitating rash
illness similar to smallpox. Although Clade I MPXV has remained endemic to West and …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults across the
world. The pathogenesis of DR is multifactorial and the molecular mechanisms are still not …

Characteristic bone metabolism was observed in obesity and diabetes with controversial
conclusions. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity may manifest increased bone mineral …

Despite the focus placed on cardiovascular research, the prevalence of vascular and
valvular calcification is increasing and remains a leading contributor of cardiovascular …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta
(TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines. While some ligand members are potent inducers of …

Microvascular destabilization is the primary cause of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB)
breakdown and increased vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Microvascular …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes. Although great
efforts have been made to uncover the mechanisms underlying the pathology of DR, the …

Rationale: Pulmonary endothelial permeability contributes to the high-permeability
pulmonary edema that characterizes acute respiratory distress syndrome. Circulating BMP9 …