Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily conserved family in the innate immune
system and are the first line of host defense against microbial pathogens by recognizing …

Ubiquitin signaling is a conserved, widespread, and dynamic process in which protein
substrates are rapidly modified by ubiquitin to impact protein activity, localization, or stability …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is capable of inducing a storm
of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we show that the SARS-CoV open reading frame …

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the transcriptional
induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, thereby …

Cytokine storm generates during various systemic acute infections, including sepsis and
current pandemic called COVID-19 (severe) causing devastating inflammatory conditions …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing
pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. TLRs signal …

Despite the development of advanced technologies for interventional coronary reperfusion
after myocardial infarction, a substantial number of patients experience high mortality due to …

A coordinated balance between the positive and negative regulation of pattern-recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated innate inflammatory responses is required to ensure the most …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are germline‐encoded receptors that are central to innate and
adaptive immune responses. Owing to their vital role in inflammation, TLRs are rational …

In the initiation of innate immune responses against pathogens, pattern-recognition
receptors (PRRs) have an essential role in recognizing specific components of …