As society transitions to low-carbon, renewable energy resources, the demand for metals
and minerals is set to increase. Massive quantities of base metals and mineral materials (for …

Abstract The Ntem Complex represents the northwestern edge of the Archean Congo craton
in southern Cameroon where numerous banded iron formation (BIF)-hosted iron deposits …

Iron-rich duricrusts (canga) that blanket iron ore deposits in tropical regions in Brazil have a
complex formation and evolution. The direct role of microorganisms in the biogeochemical …

Iron Formations (IF) are threatened by mining, particularly the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum
(MSS), an understudied subterranean environment. We evaluate the spatiotemporal …

Abstract In the Iron Quadrangle (IQ), southeastern Brazil, ferricretes usually overlie the
banded iron formations (BIFs) of the Cauê Formation, rocks that not only host the most …

Iron formations display some of the oldest and most enigmatic landforms on Earth, presently
restricted to few areas of the planet. The original rock, the Banded Iron Formation (BIF) was …

Most cave formation requires mass separation from a host rock in a process that operates
outward from permeable pathways to create the cave void. Given the poor solubility of Fe (III) …

Introduction The microbial-induced restoration of ferruginous crusts (canga), which partially
cover iron deposits and host unique ecosystems, is a promising alternative for reducing the …

The Carajás plateaus in Brazil host endemic epilithic vegetation (“campo rupestre”) on top of
ironstone duricrusts, known as canga. This cap** rock is primarily composed of iron (III) …

Novel biotechnologies are required to remediate iron ore mines and address the increasing
number of tailings (mine waste) dam collapses worldwide. In this study, we aimed to …