Innate immunity constitutes the first line of the host defense after pathogen invasion. Viruses
trigger the expression of interferons (IFNs). These master antiviral cytokines induce in turn a …

Retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I)‐like receptors (RLR s) are found conservatively
present in teleost fish. All three members, RIG‐I, MDA 5 and LGP 2, together with the …

Sea-caged cod are limited in their movements in the water column, and thus can be
exposed to large seasonal (∼ 0–20° C) temperature fluctuations. To investigate the …

Teleost fish represent a transition point on the phylogenetic spectrum between invertebrates
that depend only on innate immunity and mammals that heavily depend on adaptive …

Viruses are ubiquitous in the sea and appear to outnumber all other forms of marine life by
at least an order of magnitude. Through selective infection, viruses influence nutrient cycling …

In fish as in mammals, virus infections induce changes in the expression of many host
genes. Studies conducted during the last fifteen years revealed a major contribution of the …

The immune system can be defined as a complex system that protects the organism against
organisms or substances that might cause infection or disease. One of the most fascinating …

We report on the characterization and functional analysis of IFNγ of the goldfish. Quantitative
analysis indicated the highest expression of goldfish IFNγ in the spleen, with lower …

Abstract Background Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a species with increasing economic
significance for the aquaculture industry. The genetic improvement of cod will play a critical …

The large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) is an economically important marine fish
in China. To understand the molecular basis for antiviral defense in this species, we used …