BACKGROUND The extent of urban areas is increasing around the world, and most humans
now live in cities. Urbanization results in dramatic environmental change, including …

The worldwide resurgence of bed bugs [both Cimex lectularius L. and Cimex hemipterus
(F.)] over the past two decades is believed in large part to be due to the development of …

The increased urbanization of a growing global population makes imperative the
development of sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for urban pest …

Since the late 1990s, bed bugs of the species Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus have
undergone a worldwide resurgence. These bed bugs are blood-sucking insects that readily …

The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human
ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global …

Recent advances in genomic and post-genomic technologies have facilitated a genome-
wide analysis of the insecticide resistance-associated genes in insects. Through bed bug …

A global resurgence of bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) has led to renewed scientific
interest in these insects. The current bed bug upsurge appears to have started almost …

Insecticides have saved millions of human and animal lives since the date of their synthesis
and use. They have played an important role that brought revolution in the field of agriculture …

Thickening of the integument as a mechanism of resistance to insecticides is a well
recognised phenomenon in the insect world and, in recent times, has been found in insects …

Knockdown resistance (kdr) and super-kdr (skdr) point mutations have been identified in the
voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) para genes in several aphid species with resistance to …