A host has two methods to defend against pathogens: It can clear the pathogens or reduce
their impact on health in other ways. The first, resistance, is well studied. Study of the …

Tolerance, the ability of a host to limit the negative fitness effects of a given parasite load, is
now recognised as an important host defence strategy in animals. Together with resistance …

Host responses to infection encompass many processes in addition to activation of the
immune system, including metabolic adaptations, stress responses, tissue repair, and other …

Understanding the coevolution of hosts and parasites is a long‐standing goal of
evolutionary biology. There is a well‐developed theoretical framework to describe the …

Researchers worldwide are repeatedly warning us against future zoonotic diseases
resulting from humankind's insurgence into natural ecosystems. The same zoonotic …

Background Host defense against pathogenic infection is composed of resistance and
tolerance. Resistance is the ability of the host to limit a pathogen burden, whereas tolerance …

Aeromonas hydrophila is a commonly pathogenic bacterium in cultivated eels, but its
pathogenicity to American eel (Anguilla rostrata) and the molecular mechanism of host anti …

Organisms can protect themselves against parasite-induced fitness costs through resistance
or tolerance. Resistance includes mechanisms that prevent infection or limit parasite growth …

In the field of infectious disease control, novel therapies are focusing on reducing illness
caused by pathogens rather than on reducing the pathogen burden itself. Here, Vale and …

Interacting pathogens and hosts have evolved reciprocal adaptations whose function is to
allow host exploitation (from the pathogen stand point) or minimize the cost of infection (from …