Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in normal development and
homeostasis. Dysregulation of TGF-β responsiveness and its downstream signaling …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of growth factors control the development
and homeostasis of most tissues in metazoan organisms. Work over the past few years has …

Cancer has an impressive ability to evolve multiple processes to evade therapies. While
immunotherapies and vaccines have shown great promise, particularly in certain solid …

Articular cartilage is a load‐bearing tissue playing a crucial mechanical role in diarthrodial
joints, facilitating joint articulation, and minimizing wear. The significance of biomechanical …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signals by contacting two distantly related transmem-
brane serine/threonine kinases called receptors I and II. The role of these molecules in …

In the last 10 years, a large family of secreted signaling molecules has been discovered that
appear to mediate many key events in normal growth and development. The family is known …

The secreted polypeptide transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) exerts its multiple
activities through type I and II cell surface receptors. In epithelial cells, activation of the TGF …

THE protein p21 is a dual inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases1á¤-3 and proliferating-cell
nuclear antigen (PCNA) 4, both of which are required for passage through the cell cycle. The …

The maturation of ovarian follicles involves several sequential stages: initiation, growth,
selection, ovulation, and luteinization (Fig. 1). Although the factor (s) that initiates the growth …

Transforming growth factors (TGFs) were discovered as activities that were secreted by
cancer cells, and later by normal cells, and had the ability to phenotypically and reversibly …