Cooling and thickening of lithospheric plates with age and subduction result in large‐scale
horizontal density contrasts tending to drive plate motions and mantle flow. We quantify the …

The irregular motions of plates and the irregular distribution of plate consumption and
generation require that subduction zones and descending lithospheric slabs migrate …

Methane-bearing COH fluids may be important carriers of carbon and hydrogen in the
Earth's deeper mantle1, 2. It has been proposed that such fluids have a key function in the …

In a three-dimensional numerical model of mantle convection we have explored the self-
consistent formation and evolution of plates. This was done by investigating the influence of …

The thermal and mechanical behaviour of the lithosphere during rifting is investigated using
a two layer model for its rheology and different driving forces for the rift process. The …

This work presents numerical calculations of mantle convection that incorporate some of the
basic observational constraints imposed by plate tectonics. The model is three‐dimensional …

The boundary layer nature of vigorous thermal convection is explored using high resolution
numerical solutions to the governing hydro-dynamic equations. These solutions are …

Arguably, the presence of plate-tectonic-type surface motion for periods that endure over
hundreds of millions of years is the primary feature a mantle convection model must possess …

Plate geometry and kinematics generally reflect the mechanical properties of the solid
lithosphere rather than those of the fluid mantle underneath, and plate formation and …

Convection in Earth's mantle is dominated by long‐wavelength structure, as evidenced by
the very “red” spectra of both seismic velocity heterogeneity in the deep mantle and the non …