Colloidal self-assembly refers to a solution-processed assembly of nanometer-/micrometer-
sized, well-dispersed particles into secondary structures, whose collective properties are …

Transforming flat sheets into three-dimensional structures has emerged as an exciting
manufacturing paradigm on a broad range of length scales. Among other advantages, this …

Shape-morphing systems can be found in many areas, including smart textiles, autonomous
robotics, biomedical devices, drug delivery and tissue engineering. The natural analogues …

Shape-morphing structures are at the core of future applications in aeronautics, minimally
invasive surgery, tissue engineering and smart materials. However, current engineering …

Materials with switchable mechanical properties are widespread in living organisms and
endow many species with traits that are essential for their survival. Many of the mechanically …

The rapid development of additive manufacturing and advances in shape memory materials
have fueled the progress of four-dimensional (4D) printing. With the right external stimulus …

Programmable shape-shifting materials can take different physical forms to achieve
multifunctionality in a dynamic and controllable manner. Although morphing a shape from …

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are an attractive platform for dynamic shape‐morphing due
to their ability to rapidly undergo large deformations. While recent work has focused on …

Four-dimensional (4D) printing involves conventional 3D printing followed by a shape-
morphing step. It enables more complex shapes to be created than is possible with …

On a flat map of the Earth, continents are inevitably distorted. Reciprocally, curving a plate
simultaneously in two directions requires a modification of in-plane distances, as Gauss …