Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which
large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼ 10–50 km) are …

In the tropical stratosphere, deep layers of eastward and westward winds encircle the globe
and descend regularly from the upper stratosphere to the tropical tropopause. With a …

The stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere at heights between 10-50 km, is an important
source of variability for the weather and climate at the Earth's surface on timescales of weeks …

Severe cold air outbreaks have significant impacts on human health, energy use,
agriculture, and transportation. Anomalous behavior of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex …

Using the ERA5 reanalysis, sea surface temperature and sea ice observations, and the real-
time multivariate Madden–Julian index, this study explores a sudden stratospheric warming …

Abstract The North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation are modes of climate
variability affecting temperature and precipitation in the mid-latitudes. Here we use …

Large-scale, intra-seasonal to inter-annual variability of the stratosphere is reviewed. Much
of the variability is dynamical and induced by waves emanating from the troposphere. It is …

Projected changes in the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex are analyzed
using Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 experiments. Previous studies …

The Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) plays a key role in mid-latitude
weather and climate. However, in what way the SPV will respond to global warming is not …

Using state-of-the-art models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5
and 6 (CMIP5/6), future changes of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events under a …