Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular
process capable of degrading various biological molecules (eg, protein, glycogen, lipids …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a unification of endocrine and metabolic disorders and
has become immensely prevalent among women of fertile age. The prime organ affected in …

Despite linkage to chromosome 16q in 1996, the mutation causing spinocerebellar ataxia
type 4 (SCA4), a late-onset sensory and cerebellar ataxia, remained unknown. Here, using …

Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process coordinated by a network of autophagy-
related (ATG) proteins. These ATG proteins also perform an important parallel role in …

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common heart disease and the leading cause of
cardiovascular death. Apoptosis and autophagy are two forms of programmed cell deaths …

Autophagy is a cytoplasmic degradation system, which is important for starvation adaptation
and cellular quality control. Recent advances in understanding autophagy highlight its …

Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease that weakens bones and has a high morbidity rate
worldwide, which is prevalent among the elderly, particularly, women of postmenopausal …

Nanocatalytic medicine has been developed recently to trigger intratumoral generation of
highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for cancer therapy, which, unfortunately, suffers …

The majority of human energy metabolism occurs in skeletal muscle mitochondria
emphasizing the importance of understanding the regulation of myocellular mitochondrial …

Many researchers, especially those new to the field, need to determine which criteria are
essential for demonstrating autophagy, either for the purposes of their own research, or in …