The world has developed an elaborate global health system as a bulwark against known
and unknown infectious disease threats. The system consists of various formal and informal …

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans is caused by two lentiviruses,
human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Here, we describe the …

Thirty years after the discovery of HIV-1, the early transmission, dissemination, and
establishment of the virus in human populations remain unclear. Using statistical …

Recent developments in marginal likelihood estimation for model selection in the field of
Bayesian phylogenetics and molecular evolution have emphasized the poor performance of …

This work examines the emergence and causes of new diseases all over the world,
describing a process called" spillover" where illness originates in wild animals before being …

Phylogeography is a discipline concerned with various relationships between gene
genealogies—phylogenetics—and geography. The word “phylogeography” was coined in …

This review examines the enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in
understanding the origin of HIV, HIV genetic variability, and the impact of global HIV diversity …

Humanity is currently facing the challenge of two devastating pandemics caused by two very
different RNA viruses: HIV-1, which has been with us for decades, and SARS-CoV-2, which …

The human AIDS viruses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2)
represent cross-species (zoonotic) infections,,,. Although the primate reservoir of HIV-2 has …

Evidence of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection has been reported for 26 different
species of African nonhuman primates. Two of these viruses, SIVcpz from chimpanzees and …