The number of research groups studying the pupil is increasing, as is the number of
publications. Consequently, new standards in pupillography are needed to formalize the …

Melanopsin imparts an intrinsic photosensitivity to a subclass of retinal ganglion cells
(ipRGCs). Generally thought of as irradiance detectors, ipRGCs target numerous brain …

A variety of psychological and physical phenomena elicit variations in the diameter of pupil
of the eye. Changes in pupil size are mediated by the relative activation of the sphincter …

Daylight stems solely from direct, scattered and reflected sunlight, and undergoes dynamic
changes in irradiance and spectral power composition due to latitude, time of day, time of …

With the identification of novel targets, the number of interventional clinical trials in
ophthalmology has increased. Visual acuity has for a long time been considered the gold …

Purpose.: The post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) has been quantified using four
metrics, but the spectral sensitivity of only one is known; here we determine the other three …

The impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on the pupillary light response (PLR) is
controversial, being dependent on the stage of the disease and on the experimental …

Purpose Exposure to increasing amounts of artificial light during the night may contribute to
the high prevalence of reported sleep dysfunction. Release of the sleep hormone melatonin …

Purpose.: We determined the relative contributions of rods, cones, and melanopsin to pupil
responses in humans using temporal sinusoidal stimulation for light levels spanning the low …

It is now a decade since the first published reports that a small proportion of mammalian
retinal ganglion cells are directly photoresponsive. These cells have been termed …