Ubiquitination, a pivotal posttranslational modification of proteins, plays a fundamental role
in regulating protein stability. The dysregulation of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex meshwork of extracellular matrix (ECM)
macromolecules filled with a collection of cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) belongs to the most lethal solid tumors in
humans. A histological hallmark feature of PDAC is the pronounced tumor microenvironment …

During mammalian embryonic development, primary cilia transduce and regulate several
signaling pathways. Among the various pathways, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is one of the most …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the tumor surrounding environment, which is critical
for tumor development and progression. TME is also involved in clinical intervention and …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal malignancies and is
characterized by a unique tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of an abundant stromal …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with an incredibly dense stroma,
which contributes to its recalcitrance to therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are …

Smoothened (SMO) belongs to the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway, which regulates cell
growth, migration, invasion and stem cells in cancer. The HH signaling pathway includes …

Immunotherapy has dramatically changed the cancer treatment landscape during the past
decade, but very limited efficacy has been reported against pancreatic cancer. Several …

Proper Hedgehog (HH) signaling is essential for embryonic development, while aberrant HH
signaling drives pediatric and adult cancers. HH signaling is frequently dysregulated in …