Dynamic microscale droplets produced by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) have
emerged as appealing biomaterials due to their remarkable features. However, the …

Creating an artificial cell from the bottom up is a long‐standing challenge and, while
significant progress has been made, the full realization of this goal remains elusive …

Artificial cells are biomimetic structures formed from molecular building blocks that replicate
biological processes, behaviors, and architectures. Of these building blocks, hydrogels have …

Synthetic cells can be constructed from diverse molecular components, without the design
constraints associated with modifying'living'biological systems. This can be exploited to …

A molecular robot, which is a system comprised of one or more molecular machines and
computers, can execute sophisticated tasks in many fields that span from nanomedicine to …

Multicompartment polymersomes (MCPs) refer to polymersomes that not only contain one
single compartment, either in the membrane or in the internal cavity, but also mimic the …

Soft-matter nanoscale assemblies such as liposomes and lipid nanoparticles have the
potential to deliver and release multiple cargos in an externally stimulated and site-specific …

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by multiple chemically distinct compartments, one of the
most notable being the nucleus. Within these compartments, there is a continuous exchange …

The functional concept of using synthetic entities to supplement or replace certain functions
or structures of biological cells is realized by the development of atypical artificial cells using …

Artificial cells, synthetic cells, or minimal cells are microengineered cell-like structures that
mimic the biological functions of cells. Artificial cells are typically biological or polymeric …