Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological
systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials …

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biomineralizing organisms have played major roles in the
history of life and the global carbon cycle during the past 541 Ma. Both marine diversification …

The mineralized collagen fibril is the basic building block of bone, and is commonly pictured
as a parallel array of ultrathin carbonated hydroxyapatite (HAp) platelets distributed …

Biomineralization refers to the process through which minerals nucleate in a structured
manner to form specific crystal structures by the regulating of biomacromolecules …

Many biomineral crystals form complex non-equilibrium shapes, often via transient
amorphous precursors. Also in vitro crystals can be grown with non-equilibrium …

Focusing on the basic principles of mineral formation by organisms, this comprehensive
volume explores questions that relate to a wide variety of fields, from biology and …

Whereas single-crystal X-ray crystallography has represented an active area of research
since shortly after the discovery of X-rays, the subjects of crystal design and crystal …

The characteristic shapes, structures and properties of biominerals arise from their interplay
with a macromolecular matrix,. The develo** mineral interacts with acidic …

Most natural (or biological) materials are complex composites whose mechanical properties
are often outstanding, considering the weak constituents from which they are assembled …

In the most general sense, biomineralization is a process by which organisms produce
materials solutions for their own functional requirements. Because so many biomineral …