Metal ions are ubiquitous in nature and play significant roles in assembling functional
materials in fields spanning chemistry, biology, and materials science. Metal–phenolic …

Hydrogel is a type of versatile platform with various biomedical applications after rational
structure and functional design that leverages on material engineering to modulate its …

Tissue engineering is a promising and revolutionary strategy to treat patients who suffer the
loss or failure of an organ or tissue, with the aim to restore the dysfunctional tissues and …

Hydrogels have been attracting increasing attention for application in wearable electronics,
due to their intrinsic biomimetic features, highly tunable chemical–physical properties …

Electroconductive hydrogels are very attractive candidates for accelerated spinal cord injury
(SCI) repair because they match the electrical and mechanical properties of neural tissue …

Conductive hydrogels can be prepared by incorporating various conductive materials into
polymeric network hydrogels. In recent years, conductive hydrogels have been developed …

Traumatic injuries can lead to large bone defects under extreme conditions, which usually
take a long recovery period, while the prognosis is poor. Endogenous electric field, as one …

Tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol, is a hydrolysable amphiphilic tannin derivative of
gallic acid with several galloyl groups in its structure. Tannic acid interacts with various …

To construct tissue-like prosthetic materials, soft electroactive hydrogels are the best
candidate owing to their physiological mechanical modulus, low electrical resistance and …

In the present review, we focused on the fundamental concepts of hydrogels—classification,
the polymers involved, synthesis methods, types of hydrogels, properties, and applications …