Immune defense and reproduction are physiologically and energetically demanding
processes and have been observed to trade off in a diversity of female insects. Increased …

According to life‐history theory, growth rates are subject to strong directional selection due
to reproductive and survival advantages associated with large adult body size. Yet, growth is …

A host has two methods to defend against pathogens: It can clear the pathogens or reduce
their impact on health in other ways. The first, resistance, is well studied. Study of the …

The farming of edible insects is an alternative strategy for the production of protein-rich food
and feed with a low ecological footprint. The industrial production of insect-derived protein is …

The cost of reproduction is of fundamental importance in life-history evolution. However, our
understanding of its mechanistic basis has been limited by a lack of detailed functional …

▪ Abstract Evolutionary ecology seeks to understand the selective reasons for the design
features of the immune defense, especially with respect to parasitism. The molecular …

We review recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of insect immune
defence, but do so in a framework defined by the ecological and evolutionary forces that …

To explore immune system activation in the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., larvae of four ages
were exposed through feeding to spores of a natural pathogen, Paenibacillus larvae larvae …

Summary Background Studies in Drosophila have taught us a great deal about how animals
regulate the immediate innate immune response, but we still know little about how infections …

It has been a long-held assumption that the innate immune system of insects causes self-
harm when used to combat an immune insult. We show empirically that this assumption is …