Importance Primary care clinicians find managing chronic pain challenging. Evidence of
long-term efficacy of opioids for chronic pain is limited. Opioid use is associated with serious …

Pain is a complex phenomenon caused by noxious sensory stimuli or neuropathological
mechanisms. An individual's memories, expectations, and emotions modify the experience …

This guideline provides recommendations for clinicians providing pain care, including those
prescribing opioids, for outpatients aged≥ 18 years. It updates the CDC Guideline for …

Importance Despite increased focus on reducing opioid prescribing for long-term pain, little
is known regarding the incidence and risk factors for persistent opioid use after surgery …

Importance Chronic opioid use imposes a substantial burden in terms of morbidity and
economic costs. Whether opioid-naive patients undergoing surgery are at increased risk for …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Objective To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and associations with increased
health care utilization in US adults with chronic low back pain (LBP). Methods The National …

Objective: Increasing rates of opioid use disorders (OUDs)(abuse and dependence) among
patients prescribed opioids are a significant public health concern. We investigated the …

Background The incidence of opioid-related death in women has increased 5-fold over the
past decade. For many women, their initial opioid exposure will occur in the setting of routine …

Use of chronic opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain has increased substantially. The
American Pain Society and the American Academy of Pain Medicine commissioned a …