Purines and their derivatives, most notably adenosine and ATP, are the key molecules
controlling intracellular energy homoeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Besides, these …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is strongly associated with immune dysfunction. Replicated
epidemiological studies have demonstrated that BD has high rates of inflammatory medical …

The purinergic transmitter ATP (adenosine 5′-triphosphate) plays an essential role in both
the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the ability to directly measure extracellular …

Microglia are immune brain cells involved in neuroinflammation. They express a lot of
proteins on their surface such as receptors that can be activated by mediators released in …

Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with a high
individual and societal burden. While not all patients display overt markers of elevated …

The P2X7 receptor is a cation channel activated by high concentrations of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). Upon long-term activation, it complexes with membrane proteins forming …

Scientists and health professionals are exhaustively trying to contain the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by elucidating viral invasion mechanisms, possible …

JNJ-54175446 is a selective purine P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonist that attenuates
microglial IL-1β/IL-18 release. In healthy volunteers, JNJ-54175446 suppressed peripheral …

Adenosine receptor subtypes, first described 40 years ago, are known to regulate diverse
biological functions and have a role in various conditions, such as cerebral and cardiac …

Increasing evidence supports the notion that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the
etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), at least in a subset of patients. By virtue of their …