The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator of gut-brain axis signalling has risen to
prominence in recent years. Understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota, the …

Under normal physiological conditions the brain primarily utilizes glucose for ATP
generation. However, in situations where glucose is sparse, eg, during prolonged fasting …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are the most frequent metabolic disorders, but their causes
remain largely unclear. Insulin resistance, the common underlying abnormality, results from …

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of
metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty …

Insulin is a peptide secreted by the pancreas and plays an important role in the regulation of
glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. Although the role of insulin in the periphery is well …

Insulin plays a range of roles as an anabolic hormone in peripheral tissues. It regulates
glucose metabolism, stimulates glucose transport into cells and suppresses hepatic glucose …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complicated metabolic diseases that affect multiple
organs and are characterized by hyperglycaemia. Currently, stable and effective treatments …

During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised
bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network …

Background Brain energy metabolism is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which may
be mitigated by a ketogenic diet. We conducted a randomized crossover trial to determine …