Studying morphological integration and modularity at multiple levels: concepts and analysis

CP Klingenberg - … Transactions of the Royal Society B …, 2014‏ - royalsocietypublishing.org
Although most studies on integration and modularity have focused on variation among
individuals within populations or species, this is not the only level of variation for which …

What does modularity mean?

ML Zelditch, A Goswami - Evolution & Development, 2021‏ - Wiley Online Library
Modularity is now generally recognized as a fundamental feature of organisms, one that may
have profound consequences for evolution. Modularity has recently become a major focus of …

Evolutionary covariation in geometric morphometric data: analyzing integration, modularity, and allometry in a phylogenetic context

CP Klingenberg, J Marugán-Lobón - Systematic biology, 2013‏ - academic.oup.com
Quantifying integration and modularity of evolutionary changes in morphometric traits is
crucial for understanding how organismal shapes evolve. For this purpose, comparative …

Evolution and development of shape: integrating quantitative approaches

CP Klingenberg - Nature Reviews Genetics, 2010‏ - nature.com
Morphological traits have long been a focus of evolutionary developmental biology ('evo-
devo'), but new methods for quantifying shape variation are opening unprecedented …

Evaluating modularity in morphometric data: challenges with the RV coefficient and a new test measure

DC Adams - Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2016‏ - Wiley Online Library
Modularity describes the case where patterns of trait covariation are unevenly dispersed
across traits. Specifically, trait correlations are high and concentrated within subsets of …

A method for assessing phylogenetic least squares models for shape and other high-dimensional multivariate data

DC Adams - Evolution, 2014‏ - academic.oup.com
Studies of evolutionary correlations commonly use phylogenetic regression (ie, independent
contrasts and phylogenetic generalized least squares) to assess trait covariation in a …

Signatures of echolocation and dietary ecology in the adaptive evolution of skull shape in bats

JH Arbour, AA Curtis, SE Santana - Nature communications, 2019‏ - nature.com
Morphological diversity may arise rapidly as a result of adaptation to novel ecological
opportunities, but early bursts of trait evolution are rarely observed. Rather, models of …

[PDF][PDF] Cranial integration and modularity: insights into evolution and development from morphometric data

CP Klingenberg - Hystrix, 2013‏ - iris.unimore.it
Morphological integration and modularity have become central concepts in evolutionary
biology and geometric morphometrics. This review summarizes the most frequently used …

Mosaic evolution of the skull in labrid fishes involves differences in both tempo and mode of morphological change

O Larouche, SM Gartner, MW Westneat… - Systematic …, 2023‏ - academic.oup.com
Modularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an important role in
structuring patterns of morphological diversification. Modularity can facilitate evolutionary …

Assessing trait covariation and morphological integration on phylogenies using evolutionary covariance matrices

DC Adams, RN Felice - PloS one, 2014‏ - journals.plos.org
Morphological integration describes the degree to which sets of organismal traits covary with
one another. Morphological covariation may be evaluated at various levels of biological …