The Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average since the late twentieth
century, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). Recently, there have been …

The decline of Arctic sea ice is an integral part of anthropogenic climate change. Sea-ice
loss is already having a significant impact on Arctic communities and ecosystems. Its role as …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The possibility that Arctic sea ice loss weakens mid-latitude westerlies, promoting more
severe cold winters, has sparked more than a decade of scientific debate, with apparent …

Arctic amplification (AA) is a coupled atmosphere-sea ice-ocean process. This
understanding has evolved from the early concept of AA, as a consequence of snow-ice line …

Polar amplification–the phenomenon where external radiative forcing produces a larger
change in surface temperature at high latitudes than the global average–is a key aspect of …

The role of transient Arctic sea ice loss in the projected greenhouse gas–induced late-
twentieth-to late-twenty-first-century climate change is investigated using the Geophysical …

Pronounced changes in the Arctic environment add a new potential driver of anomalous
weather patterns in midlatitudes that affect billions of people. Recent studies of these …

Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice extent are both projected to dramatically decline over the coming
century. The effects of Arctic sea-ice loss are not limited to the northern high latitudes, and …

Abstract Purpose of Review Dynamic manifestations of climate change, ie those related to
circulation, are less well understood than are thermodynamic, or temperature-related …