Understanding the genetic architecture (causal molecular variants, their effects, and
frequencies) of quantitative traits is important for precision agriculture and medicine and …

Inter-individual differences in behavioral responses, anatomy or functional properties of
neuronal populations of animals having the same genotype were for a long time …

No two individuals are exactly alike. More than a simple platitude, this observation reflects
the fundamentally stochastic nature of biological systems. The term 'stochastic'describes …

Drosophila melanogaster has one of the best characterized antiviral immune responses
among invertebrates. However, relatively few easily transmitted natural virus isolates are …

Individual animals vary in their behaviors. This is true even when they share the same
genotype and were reared in the same environment. Clusters of covarying behaviors …

Circadian rhythms influence physiological processes from sleep–wake cycles to body
temperature and are controlled by highly conserved cycling molecules. Although the …

RNA sequencing has been widely used as an essential tool to probe gene expression.
While standard practices have been established to analyze RNA-seq data, it is still …

Most of our current knowledge on plant molecular biology is based on experiments in
controlled laboratory environments. However, translating this knowledge from the laboratory …

A fundamental question in biology is how gene expression is regulated to give rise to a
phenotype. However, transcriptional variability is rarely considered although it could …

Alternative promoter (AP) events, as a major pre-transcriptional mechanism, can initiate
different transcription start sites to generate distinct mRNA isoforms and regulate their …