Trauma-and disease-related skeletal defects and illnesses are plaguing millions of people
especially in an ageing globe. Recently, the convergence of additive manufacturing (AM) …

Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide from chitin, shows promise as a biomaterial for various
biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial activity …

Successful materials design for bone-tissue engineering requires an understanding of the
composition and structure of native bone tissue, as well as appropriate selection of …

Bone regeneration repairs bone tissue lost due to trauma, fractures, and tumors, or absent
due to congenital disorders. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate dynamic bio …

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a digital manufacturing technology, rapidly revolutionizing in
the medical sectors for printing of distinct body parts having intrinsic shapes and offering …

Treating large bone defects, known as critical-sized defects (CSDs), is challenging because
they are not spontaneously healed by the patient's body. Due to the limitations associated …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, an additive manufacturing based technique of
biomaterials fabrication, is an innovative and auspicious strategy in medical and …

Hydrogel plays a vital role in cell-laden three dimensional (3D) bioprinting, whereas those
hydrogels mimic the physical and biochemical characteristics of native extracellular matrix …

Population ageing and various diseases have increased the demand for bone grafts in
recent decades. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) using a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold …

Organs are complex systems composed of different cells, proteins and signalling molecules
that are arranged in a highly ordered structure to orchestrate a myriad of functions in our …