Inspired by natural mobile microorganisms, researchers have developed micro/nanomotors
(MNMs) that can autonomously move by transducing different kinds of energies into kinetic …

Salinity gradient power (SGP) has been identified as a promising renewable energy source.
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) are two membrane …

Osmosis is a universal phenomenon occurring in a broad variety of processes and fields. It
is the archetype of entropic forces, both trivial in its fundamental expression–the van't Hoff …

Droplets abound in nature and technology. In general, they are multicomponent, and, when
out of equilibrium, have gradients in concentration, implying flow and mass transport …

Hydrogel microneedle patch enables the extraction of skin interstitial fluid (ISF) through in
situ swelling in a minimally invasive manner without assistance of mechano‐chemical …

Electroosmosis is a fascinating effect where liquid motion is induced by an applied electric
field. Counter ions accumulate in the vicinity of charged surfaces, triggering a coupling …

Thermo-osmotic and related thermophoretic phenomena can be found in many situations
from biology to colloid science, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely …

A colloidal particle placed in an inhomogeneous solution of smaller nonadsorbing polymers
will move towards regions of lower polymer concentration in order to reduce the free energy …

Waste heat is the untapped heat produced by a thermodynamic process. It is usually
released into the surrounding environment without any valorization. But recently, industrial …

The more we learn about the cytoplasm of cells, the more we realize that the cytoplasm is
not uniform but instead is highly inhomogeneous. In any inhomogeneous solution, there are …