The persistent COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 has brought an enormous public health
burden to the global society and is accompanied by various evolution of the virus genome …

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent behind the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This virus is a
cumulative outcome of mutations, leading to frequent emergence of new variants and their …

Virus infection has been one of the main causes of human death since the ancient times.
Even though more and more antiviral drugs have been approved in clinic, long-term use can …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) produced diverse
molecular variants during its recent expansion in humans that caused different …

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is characterized by …

The innate immune system facilitates defense mechanisms against pathogen invasion and
cell damage. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) assist in the activation of the innate immune system …

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continuously
emerge, an increasing number of mutations are accumulating in the Spike protein receptor …

The accessory protein ORF3a, from SARS-CoV-2, plays a critical role in viral infection and
pathogenesis. Here, we characterized ORF3a assembly, ion channel activity, subcellular …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third human
coronavirus to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and contains four …

The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection may range from asymptomatic or minor
conditions to severe and life-threatening outcomes. The respiratory system is a principal …