Most organisms, including ourselves, are exposed to environmental stressors at various
points during life, and responses to such stressors have been optimised by evolution to give …

Blood analyses have great potential in studies of ecology, ecotoxicology and veterinary
science in wild vertebrates based on advances in human and domestic animal medicine …

Stress is ubiquitous and thus, not surprisingly, many hypotheses and models have been
created to better study the role stress plays in life. Stress spans fields and is found in the …

Parental care is assumed to be costly in that it requires sustained, high-intensity activity
sufficient to cause costs of reproduction (decreased survival and future fecundity of parents) …

Principles of allostasis and allostatic load have been widely applied in human research to
assess the impacts of chronic stress on physiological dysregulation. Over the last few …

Exposure to adverse environmental conditions during early development can shape life-
history traits and have lasting effects on physiological function in later life. Although findings …

The above-mentioned truism applies not only to humans, but also to all other organisms. In
vertebrates, a key response to life's difficulties is the activation of the stress axis. The study of …

Life-history strategies describe that 'slow'-in contrast to 'fast'-living species allocate
resources cautiously towards reproduction to enhance survival. Recent evidence suggests …

Recent research has shown that the ecology of stress has hitherto been neglected, but it is
in fact an important influence on the distribution and numbers of wild vertebrates …

Animal welfare, conservation, and stress assessment are all critical components of species
survival. As organisms experience stressors, they accumulate physiologic dysregulation …