This open access book deconstructs the core features of online misinformation and
disinformation. It finds that the optimisation of emotions for commercial and political gain is a …

In the aftermath of major terrorist attacks, governments create public inquiries to establish
the facts of the matter, expose those facts to public scrutiny, find fault, allocate blame, ensure …

Universities have long played a significant intelligence role in the security of nation states. At
Oriel College, University of Oxford, in 2017, I convened an international Colloquium on …

This chapter focuses on the nature of disinformation (false information spread with intent to
deceive) and misinformation (false information spread without specific deceptive intent) …

Public knowledge of both the mission and the powers of the National Intelligence Centre
(CNI) are studied in this paper through a survey of 2888 students from 30 universities in …

Combining his expertise as a national security correspondent and research academic, Paul
Lashmar reveals how and why the media became more critical in its reporting of the Secret …

This article analyses the accountability of intelligence agencies in Spain and Brazil. Drawing
from critical intelligence studies, this article will argue that the goal of accountability is to …

This chapter discusses how mass surveillance is increasingly used in liberal democracies in
order to protect national security, but how such policies run up against the right to privacy. It …

In recent years, various revelations about government malfeasances have highlighted the
vulnerability of civil society actors who work on surveillance by intelligence agencies …

The Bodleian is the main library of the University of Oxford. The Bodleian's centuries-old
holdings of knowledge in the physical forms of books, journals and electronic sources cross …