Chatbots are intelligent conversational computer systems designed to mimic human
conversation to enable automated online guidance and support. The increased benefits of …

This literature review presents the History, Technology, and Applications of Natural Dialog
Systems or simply chatbots. It aims to organize critical information that is a necessary …

As a primary means of information acquisition, information retrieval (IR) systems, such as
search engines, have integrated themselves into our daily lives. These systems also serve …

Abstract Digitization within Human Resource Management (HRM) has resulted in Artificial
Intelligence (AI) becoming increasingly prevalent in Human Resource Management …

There has been a recent surge of interest in social chatbots, and human–chatbot
relationships (HCRs) are becoming more prevalent, but little knowledge exists on how …

The social companionship (SC) feature in conversational agents (CAs) enables the
emotional bond and consumer relationships. The heightened interest in SC with CAs led to …

The launch of ChatGPT has attracted significant attention and showcased the potentially
game-changing capabilities of conversational AI. These capabilities, and lack of user …

Introduction Increasing demand for mental health services and the expanding capabilities of
artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years has driven the development of digital mental health …

Conversational information seeking (CIS) is concerned with a sequence of interactions
between one or more users and an information system. Interactions in CIS are primarily …

Chatbot development and adoption is a growing challenge in emerging markets, which are
characterised by a young population structure, low-level internet penetration and a high …