The scientific and clinical basis for the treatment of Parkinson disease (2009)

CW Olanow, MB Stern, K Sethi - Neurology, 2009 - AAN Enterprises
Parkinson disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that affects as many
as 1–2% of persons aged 60 years and older. With the aging of the population, the …

Cell and circuit complexity of the external globus pallidus

CD Courtney, A Pamukcu, CS Chan - Nature neuroscience, 2023 - nature.com
The external globus pallidus (GPe) of the basal ganglia has been underappreciated owing
to poor understanding of its cells and circuits. It was assumed that the GPe consisted of a …

Influence of phasic and tonic dopamine release on receptor activation

JK Dreyer, KF Herrik, RW Berg… - Journal of …, 2010 - Soc Neuroscience
Tonic and phasic dopamine release is implicated in learning, motivation, and motor
functions. However, the relationship between spike patterns in dopaminergic neurons, the …

Monitoring and updating of action selection for goal-directed behavior through the striatal direct and indirect pathways

S Nonomura, K Nishizawa, Y Sakai, Y Kawaguchi… - Neuron, 2018 - cell.com
The basal ganglia play key roles in adaptive behaviors guided by reward and punishment.
However, despite accumulating knowledge, few studies have tested how heterogeneous …

Increased phasic dopamine signaling in the mesolimbic pathway during social defeat in rats

KK Anstrom, KA Miczek, EA Budygin - Neuroscience, 2009 - Elsevier
While reward-dependent facilitation of phasic dopamine signaling is well documented at
both the cell bodies and terminals, little is known regarding fast dopamine transmission …

Functional dissection of basal ganglia inhibitory inputs onto substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons

RC Evans, EL Twedell, M Zhu, J Ascencio, R Zhang… - Cell reports, 2020 - cell.com
Substantia nigra (SNc) dopaminergic neurons respond to aversive stimuli with inhibitory
pauses in firing followed by transient rebound activation. We tested integration of inhibitory …

The external globus pallidus: progress and perspectives

DJ Hegeman, ES Hong… - European Journal of …, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
The external globus pallidus (GP e) of the basal ganglia is in a unique and powerful position
to influence processing of motor information by virtue of its widespread projections to all …

GABAergic control of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons

JM Tepper, CR Lee - Progress in brain research, 2007 - Elsevier
At least 70% of the afferents to substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons are GABAergic. The
vast majority of these arise from the neostriatum, the external globus pallidus and the …

Generating bursts (and pauses) in the dopamine midbrain neurons

CA Paladini, J Roeper - Neuroscience, 2014 - Elsevier
Dopamine (DA) midbrain neurons project to several striatal and cortical target areas and are
essentially involved in a puzzling variety of important brain functions such as action …

Dynamic regulation of midbrain dopamine neuron activity: intrinsic, synaptic, and plasticity mechanisms

H Morikawa, CA Paladini - Neuroscience, 2011 - Elsevier
Although the roles of dopaminergic signaling in learning and behavior are well established,
it is not fully understood how the activity of dopaminergic neurons is dynamically regulated …