Low back pain (LBP), as a leading cause of disability, is a common musculoskeletal disorder
that results in major social and economic burdens. Recent research has identified …

The cartilaginous endplates (CEP) are key components of the intervertebral disc (IVD)
necessary for sustaining the nutrition of the disc while distributing mechanical loads and …

Background Low back pain (LBP) is associated with lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) and
fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles. However, there are some controversies about the …

Purpose Paraspinal muscle imaging is of growing interest related to improved phenoty**,
prognosis, and treatment of common spinal disorders. We reviewed issues related to …

Biomechanical testing methodologies for the spine have developed over the past 50 years.
During that time, there have been several paradigm shifts with respect to techniques. These …

Objectives Modic type 1 changes (MC1) are vertebral endplate bone marrow (BM) lesions
observed on magnetic resonance images in sub-populations of chronic low back pain …

Background Histopathological analysis of intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues is a critical
domain of back pain research. Identification, description, and classification of attributes that …

Back and neck pain have become a primary cause of disability and healthcare spending
globally. While the causes of back pain are multifactorial, intervertebral disc degeneration is …

There is an interaction between the lumbar spine and paraspinal muscles, which may play a
role in the development of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and may affect CLBP. The …

Low back pain (LBP) is a disabling condition with no available cure, severely affecting
patients' quality of life. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of …