Liver transplantation offers live-saving therapy for patients with complications of cirrhosis
and stage T2 hepatocellular carcinoma. The demand for organs far outstrips the supply, and …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which was described relatively recently (2013), is a
severe form of acutely decompensated cirrhosis characterised by the existence of organ …

Importance Alcohol-associated liver disease results in cirrhosis in approximately 10% to
20% of patients. In 2017, more than 2 million people had alcohol-associated cirrhosis in the …

In patients with cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, acute-on-chronic liver failure is emerging
as a major cause of mortality. These guidelines indicate the preferred approach to the …

Background & Aims Accurate estimates for the contemporary burden of chronic liver disease
(CLD) are vital for setting clinical, research, and policy priorities. We aimed to review the …

The natural history of cirrhosis is characterised by an asymptomatic compensated phase
followed by a decompensated phase, marked by the development of overt clinical signs, the …

There is a universal agreement that the occurrence of clinical complications, such as ascites,
hepatic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, and jaundice mark the transition from the …

The first consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study
of the Liver (APASL) set up in 2004 on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) was published …

Background & Aims Acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis may present without acute-on-
chronic liver failure (ACLF)(AD-No ACLF), or with ACLF (AD-ACLF), defined by organ failure …