The stress response, which involves joint activity of the nervous and endocrine systems, is
one of the basic adaptive mechanisms that ensures the survival of the individual. The …

Levels of anthropogenic noise and artificial light at night (ALAN) are rapidly rising on a
global scale. Both sensory pollutants are well known to affect animal behavior and …

As cities continue to grow it is increasingly important to understand the long-term responses
of wildlife to urban environments. There have been increased efforts to determine whether …

Co** with anthropogenic environmental change is among the greatest challenges faced
by wildlife, and endocrine flexibility is a potentially crucial co** mechanism. Animals may …

Global warming is now predicted to exceed 1.5° C by 2033 and 2° C by the end of the 21st
century. This level of warming and the associated environmental variability are already …

Urban environments are evolutionarily novel and differ from natural environments in many
respects including food and/or water availability, predation, noise, light, air quality …

Comparative analyses have a long history of macro-ecological and-evolutionary
approaches to understand structure, function, mechanism and constraint. As the pace of …

Understanding if and how individuals and populations cope with environmental change is
an enduring question in evolutionary ecology that has renewed importance given the pace …

Urbanization is increasing at a rapid pace globally. Understanding the links among
environmental characteristics, phenotypes, and fitness enables researchers to predict the …

After twenty years of studies of endocrine traits in animals living in cities, the field of urban
endocrinology has built a robust literature including numerous studies looking for signatures …