Understanding of secular evolution of the Earth system is based largely on the rock and
mineral archive preserved in the continental lithosphere. Based on the frequency and range …

The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

Mountain belts modulate denudation flux and hydrologic processes and are thus
fundamental to nutrient cycling on Earth's surface. We used europium anomalies in detrital …

A geologically rapid Neoproterozoic oxygenation event is commonly linked to the
appearance of marine animal groups in the fossil record. However, there is still debate about …

The macronutrient phosphorus is thought to limit primary productivity in the oceans on
geological timescales. Although there has been a sustained effort to reconstruct the …

Sedimentary rocks deposited across the Proterozoic–Phanerozoic transition record extreme
climate fluctuations, a potential rise in atmospheric oxygen or re-organization of the seafloor …

The rapid increase of carbon dioxide concentration in Earth's modern atmosphere is a
matter of major concern. But for the atmosphere of roughly two-and-half billion years ago …

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of
1,407 sedimentary (diagenetic and syngenetic) pyrites from 45 carbonaceous shale and …

Iron formations (IF) represent an iron-rich rock type that typifies many Archaean and
Proterozoic supracrustal successions and are chemical archives of Precambrian seawater …

Sedimentary pyrite formed in the water column, or during diagenesis in organic muds,
provides an accessible proxy for seawater chemistry in the marine rock record. Except for …